Plasticidad de las redes neuronales

Líneas de investigación

¿Cómo codifica, almacena y recupera nuestro cerebro las memorias?
Las experiencias modulan la actividad sináptica en el cerebro y determinan su estructura funcional. De esta forma, las redes neuronales relevantes en un determinado contexto son reclutadas y garantizan la adaptación comportamental. No obstante y a pesar de su importancia, conocemos muy poco sobre las reglas que rigen la transformación de la dinámica sináptica en dinámica de la red neuronal. Trabajos de nuestro laboratorio han demostrado que los circuitos neuronales que soportan el aprendizaje y la memoria son funcionalmente reorganizados como consecuencia de la potenciación sináptica en el hipocampo. En la actualidad estamos investigando los mecanismos que subyacen a dicha reorganización funcional, centrándonos en fenómenos de plasticidad sináptica a corto y largo plazo, así como en el balance excitación/inhibición en regiones concretas del cerebro. Con ello, además, investigamos los mecanismos que determinan la direccionalidad del flujo de información en el complejo entramado de conexiones cerebrales. Empleamos diversos modelos animales y técnicas de imagen por resonancia magnética funcional (RMNf) combinadas con registros electrofisiológicos, estimulación eléctrica u optogenética de regiones diana y evaluación comportamental.

Los mismos mecanismos celulares que median la neuroplasticidad y permiten aprender de, y reaccionar ante, cambios en el ambiente, también pueden ser activados por drogas de abuso. Estudios en humanos y animales han demostrado que la naturaleza refractaria de la adicción resulta de la activación, inducida por la droga, de los circuitos de recompensa. De esta forma, los comportamientos de búsqueda de droga son aprendidos y quedan grabados en el cerebro de los adictos. Aplicando la misma aproximación experimental multidisciplinar, estamos investigando la reorganización funcional de las redes neuronales que sostienen la adicción y la recaída.

Publicaciones relevantes

Mapping microglia and astrocyte activation in vivo using diffusion MRI Raquel Garcia-Hernandez, Antonio Cerdán Cerdá, Alejandro Trouve Carpena , Mark Drakesmith2, Kristin Koller, Derek K Jones , Santiago Canals , Silvia De Santis Sci Adv. 2022 8(21):eabq2923 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abq2923
Different theta frameworks coexist in the rat hippocampus and are coordinated during memory-guided and novelty tasks López-Madrona VJ, Pérez-Montoyo E, Álvarez-Salvado E, Moratal D, Herreras O, Pereda E, Mirasso CR, Canals S eLife 2020 9:e57313 https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.57313
KAT3-dependent acetylation of cell type-specific genes maintains neuronal identity in the adult mouse brain Lipinski M, Muñoz-Viana R, Del Blanco B, Marquez-Galera A, Medrano-Relinque J, Caramés JM, Szczepankiewicz AA, Fernandez-Albert J, Navarrón CM, Olivares R, Wilczyński GM, Canals S, Lopez-Atalaya JP, Barco A Nat Commun 2020 11(1):2588 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16246-0
Multishell diffusion imaging reveals sex-specific trajectories of early white matter degeneration in normal aging Toschi N, Gisbert RA, Passamonti L, Canals S, De Santis S Neurobiol Aging 2020 86:191 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.11.014
Microstructural White Matter Alterations in Men With Alcohol Use Disorder and Rats With Excessive Alcohol Consumption During Early Abstinence De Santis S, Bach P, Pérez-Cervera L, Cosa-Linan A, Weil G, Vollstädt-Klein S, Hermann D, Kiefer F, Kirsch P, Ciccocioppo R, Sommer WH, Canals S JAMA Psychiatry 2019 76(7):749 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0318

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